Preparation and Interpretation of Financial Statements

INTRODUCTION

Accurate financial statements are essential for internal control, strategic planning, and external reporting. This course strengthens your ability to prepare core financial documents and interpret them for performance evaluation and compliance.

WHO SHOULD ATTEND

• Accountants and auditors
• Finance officers and controllers
• Budget analysts and managers

DURATION

10 Days

COURSE MODULES

1. Principles of Financial Accounting and Reporting
   • The accounting equation and double-entry system
   • Accrual vs. cash basis accounting
   • Overview of IFRS/GAAP compliance
2. Preparing the Balance Sheet
   • Classification of assets and liabilities
   • Current vs. non-current items
   • Equity structure and retained earnings
3. Preparing the Income Statement (P&L)
   • Revenue recognition principles
   • Expense classification and COGS
   • Profit and loss calculation
4. Cash Flow Statement Preparation
   • Direct vs. indirect method
   • Operating, investing, and financing activities
   • Cash flow reconciliation
5. Statement of Changes in Equity
   • Share capital and dividends
   • Reserves and prior period adjustments
   • Total comprehensive income
6. Notes to the Financial Statements
   • Disclosures and accounting policies
   • Related party transactions and contingencies
   • Adjustments and estimates
7. Financial Ratio Analysis
   • Liquidity, profitability, and solvency ratios
   • Return on equity, asset turnover
   • Benchmarking and trend analysis
8. Vertical and Horizontal Analysis
   • Common-size statements
   • Year-over-year variance review
   • Interpreting growth patterns
9. Ethics and Accuracy in Financial Reporting
   • Avoiding manipulation and fraud
   • Governance responsibilities of finance staff
   • Role of internal controls and audit

• Communicating Financial Performance

• Presenting results to stakeholders
• Storytelling with financial statements
• Integrating financial data with strategic reports